Syllabus: Introduction to Compiler: Phases and passes, Bootstrapping, Finite state machines and regular expressions and their applications to lexical analysis, Optimization of DFA-Based Pattern Matchers implementation of lexical analyzers, lexicalanalyzer generator, LEX compiler, Formal grammars and their application to syntax analysis, BNF notation, ambiguity, YACC. The syntactic specification of programming languages: Context free grammars, derivation and parse trees, capabilities of CFG